Tip of the Day

 Too much coffee can affect your health. Caffeine, like alcohol, slows down the absorption of minerals that are important to maintain a healthy body

8 WAYS TO BOOST YOUR METABOLISM

                                      Swap your tea

Green tea is packed with health benefits. Because it contains caffeine, drinking it regularly will boost your metabolism and therefore aid weight loss – not to mention that it's packed with antioxidants, promotes heart health and has major anti-cancer benefits. In trials carried out at the Arizona Cancer Centre, US, catechins (antioxidant phytochemicals) found in green tea were shown to boost the production of liver enzymes that neutralise carcinogens.

                                         Breakfast like a king

Then lunch like a prince and dine as a pauper. When you're trying to lose weight, it's important to eat a hearty healthy breakfast every day because it boosts your metabolism. Your metabolism will slow throughout the course of the day, so it's better to eat a greater percentage of your daily intake earlier in the day.

 

                                         Snack through the day

Make sure you eat healthy snacks throughout the day – there’s nothing wrong with snacking mid-morning and mid-afternoon. Studies show that savvy snackers save calories in the long run and it will keep hunger pangs away and prevent you from bingeing at meal times. Infrequent big meals cause a sudden increase in blood sugar, which encourages fat storage.

                                          Practice portion control

It's easy to overeat at meal times – so keep portions small and only have seconds if you're still genuinely hungry. You should wait 20 minutes before you convince yourself that you are still hungry because this is the time it takes for your stomach to tell your brain you're full.

What to do: when serving up your meals, your hand can be a great way to measure your food intake. Proteins, such as meat or fish, should be the size of your palm. A single serving of carbohydrates should be a slightly open palm and vegetables and salads should fit into two closely cupped hands.

                                         Spice it up

Capsaicin, which is found in hot peppers, may aid weight loss by suppressing the appetite, boosting the metabolism by raising your heart rate and body temperature, inhibiting the formation of fat cells and aiding digestion.

 

                                              Protein

Researchers have produced evidence supporting the view that high-protein diets help you feel fuller for longer, reducing hunger pangs and keeping your appetite under control – therefore helping people lose weight. High-protein foods also help repair and build muscle tissue, contributing to a faster metabolism for weight loss.
What to do: eat a balanced diet, which includes protein. Good sources of protein include lean meat, eggs, beans, nuts and soya products. Try sardines on wheat-free bread for breakfast or lunch. They're packed with protein, and they are a great source of omega-3s, which not only strengthen the cardiovascular system but also are helpful in boosting your mood.        

                                         Drinking water

Water is essential to any weight loss plan. Dr Roger Henderson, GP, explains: we need around half a cup of water for every 100 calories we burn. Also, when you are dieting, your body produces more waste products because you begin to metabolise your stored fat. The kidneys need a steady supply of water to allow them to help you flush out the waste products and keep your metabolism ticking over.
What to do: make sure you are not confusing thirst with hunger, so drink water throughout the day. Also drinking before food helps to fill the stomach and increases the chance of weight loss by making the person eat less.
 Iced water can help burn calories because your body has to work to heat the water up to your body's temperature. 

                                         Grapefruit

Being high in fibre and having a low glycemic index (GI), grapefruit may be able to help you lose those extra pounds. They contain pectin, which curb your appetite by expanding in the body and making you feel full. As an added benefit, grapefruit contains cancer-fighting compounds like liminoids and lycopene. Red grapefruit has been shown to help lower triglycerides.
What to do: eat grapefruit for breakfast and as an afternoon snack.

FIVE MENTAL TRICKS TO EASE PAIN

Whether it's from the prick of a needle or the burn of a marathon run, here are five ways to help your brain block out pain.

“No pain, no gain,” or so the saying goes. But not all pain yields positive gain.
Luckily, as several new studies demonstrate, the human mind has many ways to trick itself out of mental and physical angst.

1. Let Your Body Do Its Job

According to new research, the brain releases its own painkilling chemicals when we're faced with social rejection.
In the study, researchers at the University of Michigan’s Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute showed online dating profiles to 18 adults and asked them to select the people they would like to meet.
After placing them in a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner that measures activity in the brain, they told the subjects that none of their prospective dates were mutually interested.
The scanner showed that the subjects' brains responded to rejection by releasing painkilling opioids in areas of the brain known to battle physical pain. According to the findings, published in Molecular Psychiatry, those with the highest amount of natural painkiller activation also scored the highest on tests of resilience, or the ability to adjust to change.
“The knowledge that there are chemicals in our brains working to help us feel better after being rejected is comforting,” David Hsu, Ph.D., lead author of the study, said.

2. Distract Yourself

A study published last year in the journal Current Biology showed that one way to trick pain away is to find something else to think about.
Researchers at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf in Germany had subjects concentrate on tasks while painful heat was applied to their arms. Using brain scans, researchers found that concentrating on the task at hand—instead of the pain—helped block pain messages from being sent from the spinal cord to the brain. It also triggered the production of painkilling opioids.

3. Put Your Pain in Perspective

Pain can knock you off your game, but not if you train yourself to frame it in a positive light. For example, if you experience pain after an injury, remind yourself that your body is working to repair the damage.
“Don't get too emotionally involved with the pain or get upset when you feel it,” long distance runner and performance psychologist Jim Taylor told Runner’s World. “Detach yourself and simply use it as information.”

4. Cough Through Quick Pain

German researchers have discovered that coughing right as a needle enters your skin can help take the sting out of it.
Researcher Taras Usichenko studied the pain responses of 20 men when they were pricked with a needle and concluded that a simple cough was an easy and free way to take the pain out of routine shots.

5. Breathe Through It All

Mindful meditation—specifically, focusing on your breathing—has been used to calm the mind for centuries. The simple act of clearing your mind has been shown to have anesthetic qualities.
Studies in the journals Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice and The Journal of Pain have shown that mindful meditation can improve pain ratings for everything from acute pain to chronic lower back pain in the elderly.

CLEAR ACNES NATURALLY

Steps:

1 Cut back on eating refined carbohydrates (bread, pasta, etc) . Also, cut back on eating sugar (any sugar, a little natural sugars might be okay).

2 Take fermented foods (sauerkraut, kefir, goat cheese, or natural yogurt) and/or take a good pro-biotic and enzymes .

3 Stop using your cleansers, face creams, makeups, etc . If you are going to use these, get natural products.

4 Eat more veggies ! They clean your blood of toxins that cause the acne.

5 WATER ! Get 1/2 your body weight in ounces of water.

6 Move around . Trampoline is a great way to move your lymphatic system. Running or jump roping is also good.

7 Take a multivitamin each day .

8 Do this three times a day :

Get the materials you need. You will need a face cloth, a hand towel, mild facial soap (bar or liquid), and working water (hot and cold). *The milder the soap the better-irritation will only cause more acne.

Wet down your face cloth with hot water. The water has to be so hot, the face cloth steams. Be careful not to burn your hands, though! When the face cloth is steaming, wring out the water, and place it on your face. This will open your pores. Repeat this process twice. Make sure your eyes are closed.

After opening your pores, quickly wash down your cloth again with hot water and put soap on it. Then gently wash your entire face, but concentrate on the infected areas. Let the lather rest for about 30 seconds. While waiting, wash your cloth down again with hot water thoroughly.

Wipe the lather from your face thoroughly. Make sure none is left over.

Rinse the cloth with cold water. Make sure the cloth is VERY cold. Then place it on your face. This will close your pores. Dry your face with the towel, but don't rub, just dab the water off.

Tips:

Avoid touching your face.

Avoid eating high glycemic foods like potatoes and peanuts.

Drink lots of water! It flushes toxins from your body and helps clear your skin.

OPTIONAL: Exercise a bit more. It can really help relieve stress and acne.

Rub your face with baby powder before bed and in the mornings. This dries up blemishes and help prevent face invaders.

Warnings:

If your skin doesn't clear up in a day, don't worry! It doesn't mean the method isn't working. Skin doesn't clear automatically just because you've washed your face once.
Things You'll Need:

Soap

Facecloth

Hand towel

Water

AMAZING FACTS ABOUT THE HUMAN BODY

The human body is an incredibly complex and intricate system and it still baffles researchers regularly despite thousands of years of medical knowledge. As a result, it shouldn't be a surprise that even body parts we deal with everyday have unexpected facts and explanations behind them.
Here are 100 wacky facts about the human body:

1. The brain is more active at night than during the day. Scientists don't know yet why this is.

2. The higher your IQ, the more you dream.

3. Facial hair grows faster than any other hair on the body.

4. The nail on the middle finger grows faster than the other fingernails.

5. Fingernails grow nearly four times faster than toe nails.

6. The lifespan of a human hair is 3 to 7 years on average.

7. The acid in your stomach is strong enough to dissolve zinc. It doesn't destroy the stomach because because the stomach walls constantly renews itself.

8. Women's hearts beat faster than men's.

9. Women blink twice as many times as men do.

10. Women are born better smellers than men and remain better smellers over life.

11. Men burn fat faster than women by a rate of about 50 calories a day.

12. Men get hiccups more often than women.

13. A man has approximately 6.8 litres of blood in the body while women have approximately 5 litres.

14. The largest cell in the body is the female egg and the smallest is the male sperm.

15. During your lifetime, you will produce enough saliva to fill two swimming pools.

16. Babies are always born with blue eyes. The melanin in their eyes needs time to be fully deposited or to be darkened by ultraviolet light to reveal the baby's true eye color.

17. Men have erections every hour to hour and a half during sleep. This is because the combination of blood circulation and testerone production can cause erections during sleep and are a necessary part of REM sleep.

18. After eating too much, your hearing is less sharp.

19. If your saliva cannot dissolve or mix with food, you will not be able to taste that food (try tasting something after drying off your tongue)

20. Noise causes the pupils of your eyes to dilate. Even very small noises can do this.

21. Everyone has a unique smell, unique finger print and unique tongue print.

22. By age 60, most people will have lost half their taste buds.

23. Your eyes remain the same size after birth but your nose and ears never stop growing.

24. A simple, moderately severe sunburn burns the blood vessels extensively.

25. We are about 1cm taller in the mornings than in the evenings.

26. The strongest muscle in the body is the human tongue.

27. The hardest bone in the human body is the jaw bone.

28. The hands and feet contains almost half of the total bones in the human body.

29. About 32 million bacteria call every inch of your skin home, but they are mostly harmless and some of them are even helpful.

30. Humans shed and regrow outer skin every 27 days.

31. Three hundred million cells die in the human body every minute and everyday and adult produces 300 billion new cells.

32. The colder the room you sleep, the higher the chances are that you would get a nightmare.

33. Humans are the only species that produce emotional tears.

34. All babies are color blind at birth, they see only black and white.

35. The only part of your body that has no blood supply is the cornea in the eye. It gets its oxygen directly from air.

36. A normal human being can survive 20 days without eating but can survive only 2 days without drinking.

37. It is impossible to kill yourself by choking yourself with your hands.

38. Everybody has one strong eye and one weak eye.

39. Your skeleton keeps renewing itself every ten years which means that every ten years you get a new skeleton.

40. The human feet have 500,000 sweat glands and can produce more than a pint of sweat a day.

DANGERS OF CHEWING GUM

Originally, chewing gum was made from tree sap but today's commercial brands are loaded with harmful ingredients and chemicals.

The modern day chewing gums are made of four major ingredients including synthetic rubber, plastic, sugar, and coloring (dye). Modern day gums are produced from synthetic polymers such as styrene-butadie ­ne rubbers and polyvinyl acetate. The final product is composed of 60% sugar, 20% corn syrup, and only 20% actual gum material.

People do not typically swallow gum, so they pay very little attention to the ingredients. The assumption is that if it is not swallowed, then it is not a concern.

However, the ingredients in gum travel into the bloodstream faster and in higher concentrations than food ingredients, because they absorb straight through the walls of the mouth, and they do not undergo the normal filtration process of digestion.

Gum is typically the most toxic product in supermarkets that is intended for consumption, and it is likely to kill any pet that eats it. Commercial gum products contain roughly the same list of toxic ingredients, with differing labeling, which is virtually always designed to be deceptive.

Common Ingredients of Gum:
• Sorbitol
• Gum Base
• Maltitol
• Mannitol
• Xylitol
• Artificial and 'Natural' Flavoring
• Acacia
• Acesulfame Potassium
• Aspartame
• BHT
• Calcium Casein Peptone-calcium ­Phosphate
• Candelilla Wax
• Sodium Stearate
• Titanium Dioxide (so cancerous that external skin contact is enough)

In essence, Chewing gum is regarded as a harmless cultural tradition but chewing gum itself contains many ingredients that may be hazardous to our health.

6 reasons you should be eating Peanuts

Can Lower Cholesterol and More!

Even though peanuts are enery-dense (high in calories and fat) major studies show that peanuts and peanut butter can lower choloesterol, triglycerides without causing weight gain.

Peanuts Help Control Blood Sugar

I was really excited about this study. The research shows that eating peanut butter or peanuts for breakfast can help control blood sugar levels throughout the day, even after eating a high carbohydrate lunch! That is a sign to add peanuts or peanut butter to your breakfast!  

Leaner Bodies

Peanuts and Peanut Butter Eaters have leaner bodies even though they consume more calories. Riddle me that! 

 

Good Fats

Peanuts can help you lose weight, and are packed with nutrition and good fat - this learning will help you find the right peanut or peanut butter too!

Boosts Memory Power

Peanuts are brain food! 

Protective Nutrients

Cracking open a peanut shell reveals an edible package of naturally protective nutrients. Peanuts provide unique bioactive components that act as antioxidants and have been shown to be disease preventative.

Seven Foods That Fight Inflammation and Belly Fat

Fruits and vegetables

All fruits and vegetables, due to their rich nutrient and fiber content, help to combat chronic inflammation, so make sure to include adequate amounts of these foods daily. Some types of fresh produce, however, are even more potent than others.
Some terrific anti-inflammatory fruits and vegetables to include in your meal plan include apples, berries, broccoli, mushrooms, papaya, pineapple, and spinach.

Green tea

This mild beverage is great for helping shrink your waistline as well as for decreasing inflammation. The flavonoids in this tea have natural anti-inflammatory properties. And the compound EGCG in green tea has been shown to help reduce body fat.

Monounsaturated fats

These heart-healthy fats help raise your healthy HDL cholesterol levels and reduce overall inflammation. Great sources include olive oil, almonds, and avocado.
 

Omega-3 fatty acids

Research has shown that a diet with a high percentage of omega-3 fatty acids and a low percentage of omega-6 fatty acids has been linked with decreased inflammation. Food sources of omega-3s include walnuts, flaxseed, and fish, such as wild Alaskan salmon.
 

Spices

Certain spices, including garlic, turmeric, cinnamon, ginger, and chili peppers, have potent inflammation-reducing capabilities, so try adding them to meals as often as possible.

Water

Staying hydrated is essential to flushing inflammation-causing toxins out of your body. Aim for 64 ounces of water per day. Remember: Add an additional 8 ounces of water for every 30 minutes of exercise as well.

Whole grains

Rich in fiber, whole grains help control the insulin response in your body. The high B vitamin content of whole grains also helps reduce the inflammatory hormone homocystine in the body.

Human brain boiled in its skull lasted 4000 years

SHAKEN, scorched and boiled in its own juices, this 4000-year-old human brain has been through a lot.

It may look like nothing more than a bit of burnt log, but it is one of the oldest brains ever found. Its discovery, and the story now being pieced together of its owner's last hours, offers the tantalising prospect that archaeological remains could harbour more ancient brain specimens than thought. If that's the case, it potentially opens the way to studying the health of the brain in prehistoric times.

Brain tissue is rich in enzymes that cause cells to break down rapidly after death, but this process can be halted if conditions are right. For instance, brain tissue has been found in the perfectly preserved body of an Inca child sacrificed 500 years ago. In this case, death occurred at the top of an Andean mountain where the body swiftly froze, preserving the brain.

However, Seyitömer Höyük – the Bronze Age settlement in western Turkey where this brain was found – is not in the mountains. So how did brain tissue survive in four skeletons dug up there between 2006 and 2011?

Meriç Altinoz at Haliç University in Istanbul, Turkey, who together with colleagues has been analysing the find, says the clues are in the ground. The skeletons were found burnt in a layer of sediment that also contained charred wooden objects. Given that the region is tectonically active, Altinoz speculates that an earthquake flattened the settlement and buried the people before fire spread through the rubble.

The flames would have consumed any oxygen in the rubble and boiled the brains in their own fluids. The resulting lack of moisture and oxygen in the environment helped prevent tissue breakdown.

The final factor in the brains' preservation was the chemistry of the soil, which is rich in potassium, magnesium and aluminium. These elements reacted with the fatty acids from the human tissue to form a soapy substance called adipocere. Also known as corpse wax, it effectively preserved the shape of the soft brain tissue (HOMO – Journal of Comparative Human Biology, doi.org/nz6).

"The level of preservation in combination with the age is remarkable," says Frank Rühli at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, who has examined medieval brain tissue. Rühli says that most archaeologists don't bother looking for the remains of brain tissue because they assume it is seldom preserved. "If you publish cases like this, people will be more and more aware that they could find original brain tissue too."

In cases where the brain is as well preserved as this, Rühli says it might even be possible to look for pathological conditions such as tumours and haemorrhaging, and maybe even signs of degenerative disease. "If we want to learn more about the history of neurological disorders, we need to have tissue like this."

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique useful in many emergencies, including heart attack or near drowning, in which someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped. The American Heart Association recommends that everyone — untrained bystanders and medical personnel alike — begin CPR with chest compressions.

It's far better to do something than to do nothing at all if you're fearful that your knowledge or abilities aren't 100 percent complete. Remember, the difference between your doing something and doing nothing could be someone's life.

Here's advice from the American Heart Association:

• Untrained. If you're not trained in CPR, then provide hands-only CPR. That means uninterrupted chest compressions of about 100 a minute until paramedics arrive (described in more detail below). You don't need to try rescue breathing.
• Trained, and ready to go. If you're well trained and confident in your ability, begin with chest compressions instead of first checking the airway and doing rescue breathing. Start CPR with 30 chest compressions before checking the airway and giving rescue breaths.
• Trained, but rusty. If you've previously received CPR training but you're not confident in your abilities, then just do chest compressions at a rate of about 100 a minute. (Details described below.)

The above advice applies to adults, children and infants needing CPR, but not newborns.

CPR can keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other vital organs until more definitive medical treatment can restore a normal heart rhythm.

When the heart stops, the lack of oxygenated blood can cause brain damage in only a few minutes. A person may die within eight to 10 minutes.

To learn CPR properly, take an accredited first-aid training course, including CPR and how to use an automatic external defibrillator (AED).

Before you begin
Before starting CPR, check:

• Is the person conscious or unconscious?
• If the person appears unconscious, tap or shake his or her shoulder and ask loudly, "Are you OK?"
• If the person doesn't respond and two people are available, one should call the local emergency number and one should begin CPR. If you are alone and have immediate access to a telephone, call 911 before beginning CPR — unless you think the person has become unresponsive because of suffocation (such as from drowning). In this special case, begin CPR for one minute and then call 911 or the local emergency number.
• If an AED is immediately available, deliver one shock if instructed by the device, then begin CPR.

Remember to spell C-A-B

The American Heart Association uses the acronym of CAB — circulation, airway, breathing — to help people remember the order to perform the steps of CPR.

Circulation: Restore blood circulation with chest compressions

1. Put the person on his or her back on a firm surface.
2. Kneel next to the person's neck and shoulders.
3. Place the heel of one hand over the center of the person's chest, between the nipples. Place your other hand on top of the first hand. Keep your elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above your hands.
4. Use your upper body weight (not just your arms) as you push straight down on (compress) the chest at least 2 inches (approximately 5 centimeters). Push hard at a rate of about 100 compressions a minute.
5. If you haven't been trained in CPR, continue chest compressions until there are signs of movement or until emergency medical personnel take over. If you have been trained in CPR, go on to checking the airway and rescue breathing.

Airway: Clear the airway

1. If you're trained in CPR and you've performed 30 chest compressions, open the person's airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. Put your palm on the person's forehead and gently tilt the head back. Then with the other hand, gently lift the chin forward to open the airway.
2. Check for normal breathing, taking no more than five or 10 seconds. Look for chest motion, listen for normal breath sounds, and feel for the person's breath on your cheek and ear. Gasping is not considered to be normal breathing. If the person isn't breathing normally and you are trained in CPR, begin mouth-to-mouth breathing. If you believe the person is unconscious from a heart attack and you haven't been trained in emergency procedures, skip mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing and continue chest compressions.

Breathing: Breathe for the person

Rescue breathing can be mouth-to-mouth breathing or mouth-to-nose breathing if the mouth is seriously injured or can't be opened.

1. With the airway open (using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver), pinch the nostrils shut for mouth-to-mouth breathing and cover the person's mouth with yours, making a seal.
2. Prepare to give two rescue breaths. Give the first rescue breath — lasting one second — and watch to see if the chest rises. If it does rise, give the second breath. If the chest doesn't rise, repeat the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and then give the second breath. Thirty chest compressions followed by two rescue breaths is considered one cycle.
3. Resume chest compressions to restore circulation.
4. If the person has not begun moving after five cycles (about two minutes) and an automatic external defibrillator (AED) is available, apply it and follow the prompts. Administer one shock, then resume CPR — starting with chest compressions — for two more minutes before administering a second shock. If you're not trained to use an AED, a 911 or other emergency medical operator may be able to guide you in its use. Use pediatric pads, if available, for children ages 1 through 8. Do not use an AED for babies younger than age 1. If an AED isn't available, go to step 5 below.
5. Continue CPR until there are signs of movement or emergency medical personnel take over.

To perform CPR on a child

The procedure for giving CPR to a child age 1 through 8 is essentially the same as that for an adult. The differences are as follows:

• If you're alone, perform five cycles of compressions and breaths on the child — this should take about two minutes — before calling 911 or your local emergency number or using an AED.
• Use only one hand to perform heart compressions.
• Breathe more gently.
• Use the same compression-breath rate as is used for adults: 30 compressions followed by two breaths. This is one cycle. Following the two breaths, immediately begin the next cycle of compressions and breaths.
• After five cycles (about two minutes) of CPR, if there is no response and an AED is available, apply it and follow the prompts. Use pediatric pads if available. If pediatric pads aren't available, use adult pads.

Continue until the child moves or help arrives.

To perform CPR on a baby

Most cardiac arrests in babies occur from lack of oxygen, such as from drowning or choking. If you know the baby has an airway obstruction, perform first aid for choking. If you don't know why the baby isn't breathing, perform CPR.

To begin, examine the situation. Stroke the baby and watch for a response, such as movement, but don't shake the baby.

If there's no response, follow the CAB procedures below and time the call for help as follows:

• If you're the only rescuer and CPR is needed, do CPR for two minutes — about five cycles — before calling 911 or your local emergency number.
• If another person is available, have that person call for help immediately while you attend to the baby.

Circulation: Restore blood circulation

1. Place the baby on his or her back on a firm, flat surface, such as a table. The floor or ground also will do.
2. Imagine a horizontal line drawn between the baby's nipples. Place two fingers of one hand just below this line, in the center of the chest.
3. Gently compress the chest about 1.5 inches (about 4 cm).
4. Count aloud as you pump in a fairly rapid rhythm. You should pump at a rate of 100 compressions a minute.

Airway: Clear the airway

1. After 30 compressions, gently tip the head back by lifting the chin with one hand and pushing down on the forehead with the other hand.
2. In no more than 10 seconds, put your ear near the baby's mouth and check for breathing: Look for chest motion, listen for breath sounds, and feel for breath on your cheek and ear.

Breathing: Breathe for the infant

1. Cover the baby's mouth and nose with your mouth.
2. Prepare to give two rescue breaths. Use the strength of your cheeks to deliver gentle puffs of air (instead of deep breaths from your lungs) to slowly breathe into the baby's mouth one time, taking one second for the breath. Watch to see if the baby's chest rises. If it does, give a second rescue breath. If the chest does not rise, repeat the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and then give the second breath.
3. If the baby's chest still doesn't rise, examine the mouth to make sure no foreign material is inside. If the object is seen, sweep it out with your finger. If the airway seems blocked, perform first aid for a choking baby.
4. Give two breaths after every 30 chest compressions.
5. Perform CPR for about two minutes before calling for help unless someone else can make the call while you attend to the baby.
6. Continue CPR until you see signs of life or until medical personnel arrive.

Source: Mayoclinic